The Quran is ‘Light upon Light’ and the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace) is ‘Light upon Light.’

In Sura al-A’raf, the Divine says, ‘Those who believe in him, honor him, help him, and follow the Light [the Quran] that is sent down with him—it is they who shall prosper.’ (7:157)

And in Sura al-Ma'ida the Divine says, ‘Certainly there has come to you, from Allah, a Light [the Prophet] and a clear book.’ (5:15) The...

In Nomine Dei Misericordis, Misericordiae, Amen.

Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad the Trustworthy, and to proceed:

As the venerable Al-Nasafi said, thus do the people of truth assert:

The realities of things are constant, and knowledge of them is ascertained contrary to the Sophists' claims.

There are three sources of knowledge for creation: sound senses, truthful reports, and reason.

The senses are five: hearing, sight,...